Self-efficacy, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to cope with challenges, plays a crucial role in adapting to the physical, psychological, and social changes during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between various personality traits (fairness, bravery, egalitarianism, and introversion) and coping self-efficacy among pregnant women. In this correlation study, a total of 100 pregnant women visiting a healthcare center in Mashhad were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using standard questionnaires for measuring personality traits by Bass (1975) and coping self-efficacy by Chesney (2006). Appropriate statistical tests, such as Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression, were used for data analysis. The results indicated that personality traits, particularly the dimensions of fairness and bravery, have a significant impact on coping self-efficacy (p < 0.05). These two personality traits together can explain about 35% of the variations and differences in individuals' coping self-efficacy when facing challenges. In other words, pregnant women with higher levels of fairness and bravery tend to have a stronger belief in their ability to cope with the challenges of pregnancy. Given the key role of coping self-efficacy in the mental and physical health of pregnant women, this research emphasizes the importance of considering personality traits in designing intervention programs aimed at improving the quality of life for this group.