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مروری بر مغز اخلاقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

احمد علیپور 1
آزیتا خرامان 2
آذر میرزاجان تبریزی 3

1 استاد گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی عمومی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
یکی از موضوعات اصلی در بحث زیست­ شناسی قرن بیست و یکم ترقی و پیشرفت انسانی است که از مزیت های زیادی همچون رشد شناختی و زیباشناسی برخوردار است. با این حال یکی از رویکردهای مهم در این عرصه «تقویت اخلاق» است. جامعه­ای با اکثریت مردم اخلاق­ مدار، یک رویای تاریخی برای بشریت محسوب می­شود. افراد از نظر استدلال اخلاقی با یکدیگر متفاوت هستند، اما فرایند دخیل در این تفاوتها در مغز تا حدودی شناخته شده است؛ به عبارتی تنوع افراد در درک ارزشهای اخلاقی ممکن است با تغییرات منطقه­ای در ساختار مغزی مرتبط باشد. در این مقاله مروری کلیه مقالات چاپ شده ده سال اخیر در حیطه اخلاق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت . این جستجو از طریق پایگاههای علمی معتبر گوگل اسکولر، اسکوپوس و پاب مد انجام شده و اطلاعات لازم استخراج گردید. اخلاق در سطح عملکرد یکپارچه است، نه در سطح شناختی  به این معنی که «هسته اخلاقی» وجود ندارد و هیچ ناحیه و یا ساختار معلوم و معینی که بتواند اخلاق و یا حتی ایده ­پردازی و برنامه­ریزی رفتار اخلاقی را در فرد نشان دهد، وجود ندارد اطلاعات اخلاقی در مناطق گوناگونی از مغز همچون گیجگاهی، آهیانه جلویی و پیشانی پردازش می­شوند، اما می­توان اخلاق را به عنوان تابعی از ادغام حداکثری با احساسات، شناخت اجتماعی و سایر حساسیتها در نظر گرفت که با استفاده از سازمان­دهی ساختارهای شناختی، یک جهان مشترک از روابط انسانی را به تصویر می­کشد و در زندگی اجتماعی به کار گرفته می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مغز اخلاقی
مسیرهای اخلاقی
اخلاق عصبی

عنوان مقاله English

A review of the moral brain

نویسندگان English

ahmad alipour 1
azita kharaman 2
Azar Mirzajan Tabrizi 3
1 Professor of Psychology Department, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 phd student of general psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Master of General Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

One of the main topics in the discussion of biology in the 21st century is human development, which has many advantages such as cognitive development and aesthetics. However, one of the important approaches in this field is "strengthening ethics". A society with a majority of moral people is considered a historical dream for humanity. Individuals differ from each other in terms of moral reasoning, but the process involved in these differences in the brain is somewhat known; In other words, the diversity of people in understanding moral values may be related to regional changes in brain structure. In this review article, all articles published in the last ten years in the field of ethics were examined. This search was done through Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed scientific databases and the necessary information was extracted. Ethics is integrated at the level of performance, not at the cognitive level, which means that there is no "moral core" and no known and definite area or structure that can show ethics or even ideation and planning of ethical behavior in an individual. , there is no moral information is processed in different areas of the brain such as temporal, frontal and frontal, but ethics can be considered as a function of maximum integration with emotions, social cognition and other sensitivities, which is done by using the organization Cognitive structures depict a common world of human relations and are used in social life.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Moral brain
moral pathways
neuroethics
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