Applied Research in Consulting

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is accompanies by behavioral and cognitive difficulties. Given the diverse problems faced by children with ASD, the prevalence of depression is high in their parents. From a cognitive perspective, attentional bias to sad stimuli is associated with depression. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to compare the severity of depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers of children with ASD and to investigate the relationship between depressive symptom severity and attentional bias in both groups. To achieve these objectives, a total of 60 parents of children with ASD were selected using convenience sampling. The severity of depressive symptoms in the parents was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and their attentional bias was evaluated through the emotional Stroop task. The results indicated that the severity of depressive symptoms was higher in mothers compared to fathers. Both groups exhibited attentional bias towards sad materials; however, the relationship between attentional bias and severity of depressive symptoms was not found to be significant. The attentional bias towards sad stimuli and the vulnerability to depression in parents of children with ASD have been discussed.

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of couples therapy based on choice theory and life skills training on conflict resolution, reducing divorce tendency and increasing the resilience of couples affected by infidelity. This research was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental method which was conducted with pretest-posttest design with control group. . The statistical population of the present study included all couples affected by infidelity who referred to counseling centers in Hamadan in 2021 and the sample consisted of 48 people who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (each group 8 couples). Data were collected from three questionnaires, conflict resolution styles (Rahim, 1983), and decreased divorce desire (Rozlet, Johnson & Morrow, 1986). And resilience (Carner and Davidson, 2003) was used to collect data, and intervention sessions were conducted based on choice theory based couple therapy (Glasser, 1999) and Chris Life Skills Training Program (1998, quoted by Yousefi, 2016). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS software were used to analyze the data and investigate research hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that couples therapy based on choice theory and life skills training had a positive effect on conflict resolution, reduction of divorce tendency and increasing resilience in couples affected by infidelity and these programs can be used as a useful intervention in conflict resolution, reducing the tendency to divorce and increasing resilience.

Abstract Introduction: Understanding the concept of well-being from the perspective of the elderly and identifying its important factors can play a significant role in increasing the quality and satisfaction of the elderly.

Method: In this study, the descriptive phenomenology method was used to collect data and the Collaizi method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. The number of participants was based on the theoretical saturation of twenty elderly men and women living in Tehran province. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The obtained data were analyzed to explain the well-being factors in old age.

Results: Five themes were extracted from the findings in the qualitative section, which include vitality, health and dynamism, personal growth and richness, interpersonal relationships, strength. which has something in common with some components of Ryff's well-being, and in some cases it is more comprehensive than Ryff's well-being components, suitable for increasing the well-being of Iranian elderly.

Conclusion: The results of this research can be used by many psychologists, counselors and experts in the field of geriatrics in the field of how to advise and educate the elderly in order to increase the well-being of the elderly.

Abstract The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of compassion therapy and Logotherapy in reducing depression and increasing the adjustment of families of drug addicts in Isfahan city. The method of the present research was quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research includes all the spouses of people suffering from addiction who visited the "Baresh Mehr" addiction treatment center in Isfahan city in 1401-1402. The sample members of this research were 45 people who were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of compassion therapy (15 people), experimental group of Logotherapy (15 people) and control (15 people). The independent variables were compassion therapy based on Gilbert's treatment plan (8 sessions) and Logotherapy based on Frankel's treatment plan (10 sessions), which were performed in the experimental groups and not in the control group. These protocols were organized and compiled by the researcher of the article in 1400. The questionnaires used by the researcher in this research were Beck Depression Questionnaire and Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (DAS). Analysis of covariance statistical method was used to evaluate the results using SPSS27 software. Conclusion: The results showed that compassion therapy training (P<0.001) and Logotherapy (P<0.05) had a significant effect on reducing depression and increasing adaptation.

Abstract Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of initial incompatible schemas on the criteria of choosing a spouse in single men at the age of 20-35 (marriage age). In terms of method, the present research is a correlational descriptive research. The statistical population includes unmarried men aged 20-35 (marriage age) of Melair city in 1400, from which 200 people were selected as a sample by random cluster sampling. The research tools included Yang's primary schema questionnaire (1999) and Schwartz and Hassibrook's (2012) spouse selection criteria questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis. The findings indicate that initial incompatible schemas have a negative effect on the criteria for choosing a spouse. According to the results of the research, with the reduction of initial incompatible schemas, the quality of mate selection criteria increases

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MBSR Stress Reduction (MBRI) on reducing the anxiety, depression and marital satisfaction of infertile women. The present study was semi-experimental with two groups of experimental and control in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study was 250 women infertility in Isfahan who referred to Mashhahak Infertility Center in Isfahan during the first 6 months of 1396, of whom 40 were selected by purposeful sampling and divided into two groups Control (20 people) and experimental (20 people). The experimental group received 8 sessions for one and a half hours under the psychotherapy package based on Johnson's stress reduction (2011) based on the theory of Zaban (1990), while the control group did not receive any training. In the pre-test and post-test, both groups filled out 14 questions about marital satisfaction (1388) and the 14 questions of anxiety and depression questionnaire from 21 questionnaires of depression, anxiety, stress, DASS, Leviibond and Laweibond (1995), aggregated information The data was analyzed using spss software version 21 in descriptive and inferential sections. Data analysis with covariance analysis showed that the reduction of stress-based mind-awareness training in group method in reducing anxiety, depression and increasing marital satisfaction of infertile women had a significant effect (p <0.05).