The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on improving social health and awareness of citizenship rights in male child laborers aged 8 to 14 years in Tehran. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included male child laborers living in centers covered by support institutions in Region 12, and using complete sampling, 32 people were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included Keyes' social health questionnaire (1984) and Sharifi and Islamieh's citizenship rights awareness questionnaire (2013). The intervention program included twelve sessions of life skills training based on valid psychological and social theories. The findings showed that life skills training had a significant effect on promoting awareness of citizenship rights in civil and social dimensions, but this effect was not significant in the political rights dimension. Also, a significant difference was observed between the groups in all dimensions of social health, indicating high effectiveness. Based on the findings, it can be acknowledged that educational interventions based on life skills can help sustainably improve the social status of working children, especially when accompanied by institutional support and multi-level policymaking.