Applied Research in Consulting

Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of the lifestyle of socially active mothers in the formation of teenagers' identity. The current research has been conducted using qualitative and phenomenological methods. The research population is mothers who have at least one social activity and are mothers of teenagers between 12 and 18 years old. Sampling has been done in a purposeful way. Participants in the research include 10 socially active mothers and 10 teenage daughters of these mothers. In order to answer the questions of identity formation, the teenage children of these mothers who were between 12 and 18 years old were also interviewed. The information was obtained from semi-structured in-depth interviews. Qualitative coding method was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis on the role of socially active mothers' lifestyle in the formation of teenagers' identity led to the identification of 33 themes, which were categorized into six main themes. The six main themes are (1) characteristics of adolescent identity in relation to self (2) characteristics of adolescent identity in relation to family (3) characteristics of adolescent identity in relation to existence (4) educational identity (5) religious identity and 6) Social identity. The findings of this research can be useful and practical in the formation of the identity of adolescent girls who have socially active mothers.

Abstract The present study was conducted with the purpose of comparing anxiety, depression and stress in couples with mentally retarded and normal children in Isfahan city, with a causal-comparative descriptive research method. The sample group of parents of 70 mentally retarded children from two schools for exceptional children, as well as 70 normal children from two elementary schools for girls and boys, were selected in a multi-stage cluster method. Depression, anxiety and stress questionnaire (21DASS) was used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that there is a significant difference between depression, anxiety and stress of couples with intellectually disabled children and normal ones, and it is more in parents with intellectually disabled children. The birth of a disabled child, similar to a crisis variable, leads to an increase in depression, anxiety and stress in couples with mentally disabled children.

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Learning disorder is the cause of secondary problems in affected students, which can stay with the person until the end and prevent the growth and development of the potential abilities of each person. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of strategies based on metacognition on the academic self-concept of ninth grade male students with spelling learning disorders. The research method was experimental, with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population included all 9th grade students of public model schools in Shiraz city, which, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 30 has an effect on the academic self-concept of students with spelling learning disabilities. In this way, this program has led to the improvement of academic self-concept and the increase of individual effort, and as a result, the reduction of academic procrastination (P<0.05).

Abstract The aim of the present study was to predict the feeling of loneliness based on the breakup experience and coping styles in the students of the Islamic Azad University of Roudhen branch. The statistical population of this research included all the students of the Azad University of Rodhan branch in the academic year of 2017-2018, and 360 people were selected according to the table of Morgan and Karjesi, 180 women and 180 men according to the available sampling. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in nature, and correlational in terms of method. In this research, Russell et al.'s loneliness questionnaire, Bernstime and Putnam's analytical experiences scale and Lazarus and Folkman's coping styles questionnaire were implemented on the sample group for statistical analysis of data analysis in two parts of descriptive statistics. and an inference is made. Mean, standard deviation, tables and graphs are used in descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were used in inferential statistics. The research results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between problem-oriented strategies and feelings of loneliness in students, and a positive and significant relationship between emotion-oriented strategies and feelings of loneliness in students. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the breakup experience variable and the feeling of loneliness in students.

Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between parenting styles and free expression of feelings with Internet addiction in students. The research was of correlational type and the statistical population of the research was all the students of the second secondary level in the 4th district of Tehran province. The sample of this research consisted of 90 students of the 11th and 12th grades in Tehran, who were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling. The tools used in the research were Baumrind's (1991) parenting styles questionnaire, Koenig and Emmons' (1990) emotional expressiveness questionnaire, and Young's (1998) internet addiction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient) and using spss20 software. The findings showed that there is a relationship between parenting styles and emotional expressiveness with Internet addiction, and authoritative and easy-going parenting styles plus emotional expressiveness components have the ability to predict Internet addiction. The results of the present study can be used in developing treatment protocols to reduce Internet addiction among students.

Abstract     The aim of the present study was to study the quality of free time and sexual relations of couples with children and single children in Isfahan city. The research method was an inductive and questioning qualitative type, which was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 70 participants (21 couples with children and 14 couples with single children) using the snowball sampling method. In this research Couples with children and couples without children (couples who did not decide to have children by their own choice) were studied. Data collection and validation was done according to three-way interviews, document collection, and experts' opinions. By collecting data, 526 sentences of meaningful expressions for couples with free children and 632 sentences of meaningful expressions for couples with children were obtained, and all concepts were classified separately according to their nature. The results showed that free time for couples with free children has 3 main categories and 24 sub-categories, the most important of which is the main category of fun for two, and for couples with children, it has 8 main categories and 13 sub-categories, which is the most important category. The main includes spending free time with children and not having free time. Also, regarding sexual relations in couples with free children, there are 4 main categories and 3 sub-categories, the most important main category is relationship with consent, and in couples with children, there are 5 main categories and 8 sub-categories, the most important of which is lack of sexual satisfaction.