The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of poetry therapy with an emphasis on Arabic literature in reducing psychological distress in Arab-speaking cancer patients living in Urmia. This study attempts to explore the role of cultural-indigenous interventions in promoting the psychological health of cancer patients. The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included Arabic-speaking patients referred to Urmia medical centers from October 1403 to July 1404. Forty patients (20 in the experimental group, 20 in the control group) were selected using a convenient sampling method. The research instrument was the K10 psychological distress questionnaire. The experimental group underwent poetry therapy interventions based on selected poems from Arabic literature in eight sixty-minute sessions. Data analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. The results showed that the level of psychological distress of the participants in the experimental group after the intervention was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.05, F=10.34, η²=0.22). Also, dimensional analysis indicated a significant reduction in the anxiety (p=0.007, F=8.90) and worry (p=0.026, F=5.32) subscales of the experimental group. These results confirm the effectiveness of poetry therapy based on native literature in improving the mental health of people with chronic diseases.