Prediction of Quality of Life based on Psychological Flexibility in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master's student in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan)

Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the quality of life based on psychological flexibility in irritable bowel syndrome patients and using a correlational descriptive method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Isfahan, numbering 230 people; In the present study, 140 people were selected using the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970) by available sampling method. To collect information, two quality of life questionnaires of Patrick and Drasman (1998) with 34 items, and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2nd edition of Bund and colleagues (2011) with 7 items on a five-point Likert scale were used. The content and form validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by a number of experts and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.862) and (0.812) respectively. Based on the results of step-by-step regression analysis, the relationship between cognitive flexibility and quality of life has been significant. Based on this, the coefficient of cognitive flexibility explains 9.3% of the variance of the quality of life; Also, the beta coefficient increases the quality of life by 0.305 units per one unit increase in cognitive flexibility.

Keywords


1.   Arch JJ, Mitchell JL. (2015). An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group intervention for cancer survivors experiencing anxiety at re-entry: ACT intervention for anxious cancer survivors.
2.   Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., … Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676–688.
3.   Bryan CJ, Ray-Sannerud B, Heron EA. (2015). Psychological flexibility as a dimension of resilience for posttraumatic stress, depression, and risk for suicidal ideation among air force personnel. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 4(4):263-68.
4. Hebert K, Best L. (2021). Factors contributing to well-being: comparing functional somatic symptom disorders and well-defined autoimmune disorders. In 2021
5.   Kanazawa, M., Drossman, D. A., Shinozaki, M., Sagami, Y l, Endo, Y & Fukudo, S. (2007). Translation and validation of japanese version of the irritable bowel syndrome –quality of life measure(IBS-QOL-J).
6.   Kashdan TB, Rottenberg J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review.
7.   Kılıç, A; Hudson, J; Scott, W; McCracken, L; Hughes, L. (2022). A 12-month longitudinal study examining the shared and unique contributions of self-compassion and psychological inflexibility to distress and quality of life in people with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. (155).
8.   Kroska, E; Roche, A; Adamowicz, J; Stegall, M. (2020). Psychological Flexibility in the Context of COVID-19 Adversity: Associations with Distress. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.
9.   Lackner, J. M., Coad, M. L., Mertz, H. R., Firth. r., Mahl, T. C., Lockwood, A. H. (2006). Cognitive therapy for irritable bowel syndrome is associated with reduced limbic activity, GI, symptoms, and anxiety. behavior research and therapy, 44,621- 638.
10. Layous, K., Lee, H., Choi, I., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). Culture matters when designing a successful happiness-increasing activity: A comparison of the United States and South Korea. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44 (8), 1294–1303.
11. Luoma JB, Hayes SC, Walser RD. (2017). Learning ACT: An acceptance and commitment therapy skillstraining manual for therapists. Oakland, CA, US: New Harbinger Publications; 2017. xi, 304 p. (Learning ACT: An acceptance and commitment therapy skills-training manual for therapists).
12. Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., & Walser, R. D. (2017). Learning ACT: An acceptance and commitment therapy skills training manual for therapists. Oakland, C.A: New Harbinger.
13. Lv, J; Zhu, L; Wu, X; Yue, H. (2021). Study on the correlation between postoperative mental flexibility, negative emotions, and quality of life in patients with thyroid cancer. Gland Surg. 10(8): 2471–2476.
14. Marshall EJ, Brockman RN. (2016). The relationships between psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and emotional well-being. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 30(1):60-72.
15. Naliboff, B. D., Frese, M. P., Rapgay, L. (2008). Mind/body psychological treatmentsfor irritable bowel syndrome. Evidence-based Complementary and alternative medicine: ECAM 5(1), 41-50.
16. Owyang, C. H. (2012). Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In: Longo D. L, Fauci, A. S., Kasper, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Jameson, J. L., Loscalzo, J., editors. Harrison‘s Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. Usa: Mc Graw- Hill Companies Inc perss, P, 2496-501.
17. Proctor C, Best, Lisa, Reiman A. (2022). Cancer, now what? Long term impacts of a cancer diagnosis on psychological health. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2022.
18. Ramaci T, Bellini D, Presti G, Santisi G. (2019). Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness as predictors of individual outcomes in hospital health workers. Frontiers in Psychology
19. Richardson CME, Jost SA. (2019). Psychological flexibility as a mediator of the association between early life trauma and psychological symptoms. Personal Individ Differ. 2019;141:101-6.
20. Rost AD, Wilson K, Buchanan E, Hildebrandt MJ, Mutch D. (2012). Improving Psychological Adjustment Among Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer Patients: Examining the Role of Avoidance in Treatment. Cogn Behav Pract.
21. Wicksell RK, Ahlqvist J, Bring A, Melin L, Olsson GL. (2008). Can Exposure and Acceptance Strategies Improve Functioning and Life Satisfaction in People with Chronic Pain and Whiplash‐Associated Disorders (WAD)? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cogn Behav Ther.
22. Woodruff SC, Glass CR, Aarnkoff DB, Crowley KJ, Hindman RK, Hirschhorn EW. (2014). Comparing selfcompassion, mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility as predictors of psychological health. Mindfulness 5(4):410-21.